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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or uncrewed aerial vehicle, commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which include adding a ground-based controller and a system of communications with the UAV.
Crewed and uncrewed aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components. The main exceptions are the cockpit and environmental control systems or life support systems. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) that weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result, can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military UAVs are lighter than their crewed counterparts with comparable armaments.
Small civilian UAVs have no life-critical systems, and can thus be built out of lighter but less sturdy materials and shapes, and can use less robustly tested electronic control systems. For small UAVs, the quadcopter design has become popular, though this layout is rarely used for crewed aircraft. Miniaturization means that less-powerful propulsion technologies can be used that are not feasible for crewed aircraft, such as small electric motors and batteries.
Drones are being used in agriculture including crop and livestock monitoring, irrigation management, and fertilization
Drone use in construction and mining is about to become a US$28.3 billion global market
Insurance firms are likely to leverage drone technology to provide faster and more accurate property assessments
Drones are currently used by police forces for a variety of situations including surveilling expansive open areas, negotiating hostage situations, pursuing armed suspects, and investigating bomb threats
The demand for drones increased to supervise the dense and urban areas during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak when panic was taking its root
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