Grid Computing is a subset of distributed computing, where a virtual supercomputer comprises machines on a network connected by some bus, mostly Ethernet or sometimes the Internet. It can also be seen as a form of Parallel Computing where instead of many CPU cores on a single machine, it contains multiple cores spread across various locations. The concept of grid computing isn't new, but it is not yet perfected as there are no standard rules and protocols established and accepted by people.
If the first wave was the mainframe computer, the second was the desktop PC, the third was the client-server, the Internet is the fourth, and the fifth wave is distributed computing. While the third wave put information technology at everyone's fingertips the fourth wave gave everyone access to information anywhere in the world. The fifth wave will provide individuals and organizations unlimited computing power, a promise that the developing economies will only be too glad to adopt. Touted as the 'next big innovation' after the World Wide Web, grid computing technology might soon usurp the presence of centralized servers and high-cost computing capacities. With commercial products available in the market from the leading IT vendors, this technology has grown from being just a scientific tool and is finding applications in various commercial echelons.
The technology allows thousands, even hundreds of thousands, of nodes (or machines) scattered around the world to be linked over the Internet in an enormous grid. The grid enables users to focus the combined power of the whole computing network on a single computational task, expanding the available computing power and reducing the computation time for solving complex scientific and mathematical problems. And it's not simply a matter of speed and convenience, experts contend the technology will allow computationally intense problems that have overwhelmed existing supercomputers to be addressed for the first time.
Users can examine a range of information using a single interface they offer. Similarly, a grid portal provides a user interface that enables users to run programs using resources made available by the grid. The interface includes a portal-style design to facilitate effective grid querying and execution. Likewise to how an internet user sees a single, huge virtual computer giving computational resources, a grid user sees a single, unified instance of content on the web.
As computers are arranged in a grid with multiple applications, it finds it difficult to manage any sensitive or valuable data. So the security of the grid system plays a major role, and it is implemented with some advanced techniques of authorization, encryption, and decryption. It is challenging to access or retrieve any information on the grid system and so the user interface is implemented in a simplified version.
A scheduler is required to position the computers where the application is available and assigned with required jobs. Job queue priority helps in considering the alternative available resources and makes it a simple task. The scheduler has other important tasks, including maintaining the workload, finding uncompleted tasks, unveiling the resources reserved, and monitoring the entire system.
Suppose the application is executed on a system that doesn't store the application needs and manages it as a secure network. So consistent data management services take in charge of moving the data to suitable places across different machines and managing various protocols.
Handling the critical tasks such as scheduling the jobs with explicit resources and monitoring the jobs' status, and extracting the results is perfectly accomplished by resource management. It potentially includes the operating grid system's entire protocol and unleashes its scope to different applications, making it more reliable and successful.
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